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於 2026/3/12 上午 08:29:00
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於 2026/3/12 上午 08:30:00
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唐宋八大家
於 2026/3/12 上午 08:37:00
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Background
Previous research has shown a correlation between the imposition of sanctions and worsening health conditions in target countries. However, the direction of causality in this relationship remains unclear. No study has yet examined the effects of sanctions on age-specific mortality rates in cross-country panel data using methods designed to address causal identification in observational data.
Methods
In this cross-national panel data analysis, we analysed the effect on health of sanctions using a panel dataset of age-specific mortality rates and sanctions episodes for 152 countries between 1971 and 2021. We apply a range of methods designed to address causal questions using observational data, including entropy balancing, Granger causality, event-study representations, and instrumental variables.
Findings
Our findings showed a significant causal association between sanctions and increased mortality. We found the strongest effects for unilateral, economic, and US sanctions, whereas we found no statistical evidence of an effect for UN sanctions. Mortality effects ranged from 8·4 log points (95% CI 3·9–13·0) for children younger than 5 years to 2·4 log points (0·9–4·0) for individuals aged 60–80 years. We estimated that unilateral sanctions were associated with an annual toll of 564 258 deaths (95% CI 367 838–760 677), similar to the global mortality burden associated with armed conflict.
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於 2026/3/12 上午 08:39:00
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唐宋八大家
於 2026/3/12 上午 08:42:00
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每年有76萬人 因為美國發動全球衝突而死亡! 76x50=3800萬人
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於 2026/3/12 上午 08:45:00
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唐宋八大家
於 2026/3/12 上午 08:48:00
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觀念澄清!
3800萬條人命…不是我CCC殺掉的!
但!
台獨蟾蜍卻恨死我CCC
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於 2026/3/12 上午 08:49:00
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於 2026/3/12 上午 08:50:00
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於 2026/3/12 上午 09:02:00
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於 2026/3/12 上午 09:05:00
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看~
於 2026/3/12 上午 09:09:00
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看~
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於 2026/3/12 上午 09:10:00
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於 2026/3/12 上午 09:17:00
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唐宋八大家
於 2026/3/12 上午 10:00:00
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權威期刊: 柳葉刀!
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於 2026/3/12 上午 10:23:00
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於 2026/3/12 上午 11:09:00
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於 2026/3/12 下午 12:16:00
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p
於 2026/3/12 下午 12:27:00
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p
於 2026/3/12 下午 12:48:00
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